Toaw Scenario: Civil War In China

China,
July 07, 1946,

Kuomintang army of 119 units opposed to Communist army of 179 units
for a battle of complexity 1.23 at Corps(XXX) level
on a 50 Km/Hex map
for 50 turns of Full Week each.

by Oleg Kis submited on 16-11-2002

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Briefing
THE CHINESE PEOPLE'S WAR OF LIBERATION Civil War in China Version 7.0 - use opart300 Designed by: Oleg Kis Date: July 1946 to June 1947 Location: Northern and Central China Map scale: 50+ km per hex Time scale: 1 week turns Unit scale: Army/Corps Length: up to 50 turns Victory conditions: Nationalists receive an automatic victory and the game will end as soon as their score reaches +100. They start the game with a score of -250. Otherwise the game will continue until turn 50. The Communists automatically receive 10 victory points when the Nationalists reinstate conscription, which happens around turn 15. They also automatically receive another 10 victory points on turn 33. UNIT COLORS KUOMINTANG (Nationalist) Regular Army - Blue base (different icon colors represent different formations) Peace Preservation & Garrison forces - White on Gray Communications Police - Black on Gray Yen Hsi-shan's Provincial Troops - Blue on Tan Ma Pu-fang's Provincial Troops - Blue on Lt. Tan Air Force & Navy - Blue on Light Blue U.S. Marines - Blue on Green COMMUNIST People's Liberation Army - White on Red People's Militia - Red on White SIGNIFICANT EVENTS If the Communists capture Peking, the KMT Fu Tso-yi units will probably be withdrawn. If the Communists capture Taiyuan, the troops of provinicial warlord Yen Hsi-Shan will probably withdraw. (His troops are static at start and become activated if the Communists move adjacent to them.) Communist Militia (Irregular) units are deployed in formations of between 5 to 7 units and are static at the start of the game. A militia formation becomes activated when a KMT unit moves adjacent to that particular formation. Most Communist reinforcements appear on objective hexes that have a victory point value of 1. The loss of such objectives will also reduce the Communist replacement and force supply rate. The control of cities affects the replacement rate for both sides. Communist reinforcements may also appear in the cities of Kalgan and Chifeng. The US Marines in Tientsin and Chinwangtao will be withdrawn by early 1947. The Marines in Tsingtao will stay until after Peking is taken by the Communists. Tapieh Shan: The communist control of hex 10,23 as well as any of the 6 surrounding hexes will trigger the deployment of a Communist reinforcement in that respective hex. **************** GENERAL BRIEFING: General George C. Marshall made the following observation about the likelihood of conflict in China after the surrender of Japan in World War 2: "In the first place, the greatest obstacle to peace has been the complete, almost overwhelming suspicion with which the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang regard each other. On the one hand, the leaders of the Government are strongly opposed to a communistic form of government. On the other, the Communists frankly state that they are Marxists and intend to work toward establishing a communistic form of government in China..." KUOMINTANG (Nationalist) BRIEFING: "The revolt of the Chinese Communists is not merely for the seizure of political power and the overthrow of our government but it has been instigated by Soviet Russia to destroy our country. The true features of the Chinese Communist rebellion have been exposed. In the past seven years, they started a rigid disciplinary movement which was soon followed by the cruel three point investigation program, aiming at the liquidation of the free way of life, the family relationship, and national morality. The Chinese Communists are even more traitorous than Yuan Shih-kai or Wang Ching-wei. The democratic system of the Chinese Republic is a safeguard for the free rights of the Chinese people. The national flag of the Republic is the symbol of the National Revolution. The name of the Republic is the binding force of the people's patriotic sentiments. During this life and death struggle, the only way by which our compatriots can save themselves as well as their country is to fight the Communists to the bitter end...Those of our compatriots in the Communist areas must unite themselves, guard against destruction by the communist agents, work hard, preserve every bit of available strength, wait for the Nationalist Army to come to the rescue, and render every assistance when our army begins its counter-attack. Our army will be ready within a short time to start a counter-offensive. Those of us who are in Free China should be more on the alert, and unite for the fight. This is the time for all patriots to fight with united efforts against our common enemy. We can never save our life unless we are determined to sacrifice it for the country. We must support the government, obey its laws, exterminate the Communists with unremitting efforts... We are confident that in in this war for the independence of the Chinese Republic, for the maintenance of the freedom of the people, and for the preservation of international justice and world peace, the final victory will be ours" -- Chiang Kai-shek COMMUNIST BRIEFING: Chiang Kai-shek has started his counter-revolutionary war. We must defeat him because the war he started is a counter-revolutionary war directed by U.S. imperialism against the independence of the Chinese nation and the liberation of the Chinese people. After the conclusion of World War II and the overthrow of Japanese imperialism, the task of the Chinese people was to complete the new-democratic transformation politically, economically and culturally, to achieve national unification and independence and to change China from an agricultural into an industrial country. But at that time, after the victorious conclusion of the anti-fascist Second World War, U.S. Imperialism and its lackeys in various countries stepped into the shoes of German and Japanese imperialism and their lackeys and formed a reactionary camp against the Soviet Union, against the People's Democracies in Europe, against the workers' movements in the capitalist countries, against the national movements in the colonies and semi-colonies and against the liberation of the Chinese people. At such a time the Chinese reactionaries headed by Chiang Kai-shek acted as the running dog for U.S. imperialism, just as Wang Ching-wei had done for Japanese imperialism, sold out China to the United States and unleashed a war against the Chinese people to check the advance of their liberation. Rise resolutely to oppose counter-revolutionary war with revolutionary war! We have only millet plus rifles to rely on, but history will finally prove that our millet plus rifles is more powerful than Chiang Kai-shek's aeroplanes plus tanks. Although the Chinese people still face many difficulties and will suffer long hardships from joint attacks of U.S. Imperialism and the Chinese reactionaries, the day will come when these reactionaries are defeated and we are victorious. The reason is simply this: the reactionaries represent reaction, we represent progress." -- Mao Tse-tung DESIGNER'S NOTES: I used west-east map instead of a north-south map because by doing so I could model precipitation effects better. Western China has much less rain than eastern China, and I thought that modeling precipitation properly is more important than modeling temperature. Western China is generally cooler in winters, and weather fronts do move from west to east, so there is not too much inaccuracy in the temperature department anyway. HISTORICAL NOTES: In the real 'game' the Nationalist side made some apparently impressive gains during the first year of fighting, having taken Kalgan, Yenan, Tsining, Antung, and Chihfeng, without losing any major cities of their own to the Communists. However, the Communists were able to increase the overall strength of their military forces during this period.

Briefing

THE CHINESE PEOPLE'S WAR OF LIBERATION
Civil War in China
Version 7.0 - use opart300
Designed by: Oleg Kis
Date: July 1946 to June 1947
Location: Northern and Central China
Map scale: 50+ km per hex
Time scale: 1 week turns
Unit scale: Army/Corps
Length: up to 50 turns

Victory conditions: Nationalists receive an automatic victory and the game will end as soon as their score reaches +100. They start the game with a score of -250. Otherwise the game will continue until turn 50. The Communists automatically receive 10 victory points when the Nationalists reinstate conscription, which happens around turn 15.
They also automatically receive another 10 victory points on turn 33.

UNIT COLORS
KUOMINTANG (Nationalist)
Regular Army - Blue base (different icon colors represent different formations)
Peace Preservation & Garrison forces - White on Gray
Communications Police - Black on Gray
Yen Hsi-shan's Provincial Troops - Blue on Tan
Ma Pu-fang's Provincial Troops - Blue on Lt. Tan
Air Force & Navy - Blue on Light Blue
U.S. Marines - Blue on Green

COMMUNIST
People's Liberation Army - White on Red
People's Militia - Red on White

SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

If the Communists capture Peking, the KMT Fu Tso-yi units will probably be withdrawn.
If the Communists capture Taiyuan, the troops of provinicial warlord Yen Hsi-Shan will probably withdraw.
(His troops are static at start and become activated if the Communists move adjacent to them.)

Communist Militia (Irregular) units are deployed in formations of between 5 to 7 units and are static at the start of the game. A militia formation becomes activated when a KMT unit moves adjacent to that particular formation.
Most Communist reinforcements appear on objective hexes that have a victory point value of 1. The loss of such objectives will also reduce the Communist replacement and force supply rate. The control of cities affects the replacement rate for both sides.
Communist reinforcements may also appear in the cities of Kalgan and Chifeng.
The US Marines in Tientsin and Chinwangtao will be withdrawn by early 1947. The Marines in Tsingtao will stay until after Peking is taken by the Communists.
Tapieh Shan: The communist control of hex 10,23 as well as any of the 6 surrounding hexes will trigger the deployment of a Communist reinforcement in that respective hex.

****************

GENERAL BRIEFING:

General George C. Marshall made the following observation about the likelihood of conflict in China after the surrender of Japan in World War 2: "In the first place, the greatest obstacle to peace has been the complete, almost overwhelming suspicion with which the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang regard each other. On the one hand, the leaders of the Government are strongly opposed to a communistic form of government. On the other, the Communists frankly state that they are Marxists and intend to work toward establishing a communistic form of government in China..."

KUOMINTANG (Nationalist) BRIEFING:

"The revolt of the Chinese Communists is not merely for the seizure of political power and the overthrow of our government but it has been instigated by Soviet Russia to destroy our country. The true features of the Chinese Communist rebellion have been exposed. In the past seven years, they started a rigid disciplinary movement which was soon followed by the cruel three point investigation program, aiming at the liquidation of the free way of life, the family relationship, and national morality. The Chinese Communists are even more traitorous than Yuan Shih-kai or Wang Ching-wei.
The democratic system of the Chinese Republic is a safeguard for the free rights of the Chinese people. The national flag of the Republic is the symbol of the National Revolution. The name of the Republic is the binding force of the people's patriotic sentiments.
During this life and death struggle, the only way by which our compatriots can save themselves as well as their country is to fight the Communists to the bitter end...Those of our compatriots in the Communist areas must unite themselves, guard against destruction by the communist agents, work hard, preserve every bit of available strength, wait for the Nationalist Army to come to the rescue, and render every assistance when our army begins its counter-attack. Our army will be ready within a short time to start a counter-offensive. Those of us who are in Free China should be more on the alert, and unite for the fight. This is the time for all patriots to fight with united efforts against our common enemy. We can never save our life unless we are determined to sacrifice it for the country. We must support the government, obey its laws, exterminate the Communists with unremitting efforts...
We are confident that in in this war for the independence of the Chinese Republic, for the maintenance of the freedom of the people, and for the preservation of international justice and world peace, the final victory will be ours" -- Chiang Kai-shek

COMMUNIST BRIEFING:

Chiang Kai-shek has started his counter-revolutionary war. We must defeat him because the war he started is a counter-revolutionary war directed by U.S. imperialism against the independence of the Chinese nation and the liberation of the Chinese people. After the conclusion of World War II and the overthrow of Japanese imperialism, the task of the Chinese people was to complete the new-democratic transformation politically, economically and culturally, to achieve national unification and independence and to change China from an agricultural into an industrial country. But at that time, after the victorious conclusion of the anti-fascist Second World War, U.S. Imperialism and its lackeys in various countries stepped into the shoes of German and Japanese imperialism and their lackeys and formed a reactionary camp against the Soviet Union, against the People's Democracies in Europe, against the workers' movements in the capitalist countries, against the national movements in the colonies and semi-colonies and against the liberation of the Chinese people. At such a time the Chinese reactionaries headed by Chiang Kai-shek acted as the running dog for U.S. imperialism, just as Wang Ching-wei had done for Japanese imperialism, sold out China to the United States and unleashed a war against the Chinese people to check the advance of their liberation.
Rise resolutely to oppose counter-revolutionary war with revolutionary war! We have only millet plus rifles to rely on, but history will finally prove that our millet plus rifles is more powerful than Chiang Kai-shek's aeroplanes plus tanks. Although the Chinese people still face many difficulties and will suffer long hardships from joint attacks of U.S. Imperialism and the Chinese reactionaries, the day will come when these reactionaries are defeated and we are victorious. The reason is simply this: the reactionaries represent reaction, we represent progress." -- Mao Tse-tung

DESIGNER'S NOTES:

I used west-east map instead of a north-south map because by doing so I could model precipitation effects better. Western China has much less rain than eastern China, and I thought
that modeling precipitation properly is more important than modeling temperature. Western China is generally cooler in winters, and weather fronts do move from west to east, so there is not too much inaccuracy in the temperature department anyway.

HISTORICAL NOTES:
In the real 'game' the Nationalist side made some apparently impressive gains during the first year of fighting, having taken Kalgan, Yenan, Tsining, Antung, and Chihfeng, without losing any major cities of their own to the Communists. However, the Communists were able to increase the overall strength of their military forces during this period.